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GIT INTRODUCTION AND SOME COMMANDS EVERY PROGRAMMER SHOULD KNOW


What is git?
Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.

In mac you already got Bash but in windows you get Bash when you install git Bash. So in mac you will use terminal for your git, but in windows you get separate git terminal. git Bash is unix based terminal..

Firstly, you have to config the user name and email address..You have to simply open the git terminal and write the command.

                    git config --global user.name set the username               
                     git config --global user.email set the email          

To check the user name or email simply type git user.name or git user.email..

The git init command creates a new Git repository. It can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project to a Git repository or initialize a new, empty repository. This is usually the first command you'll run in a new project.

To add a file in a repository we have a command:

                     git add filename                            

But if we want to add many files than we can use the command:

                     git add -A                                      

 

This is a simple image to understand the git repository file system..

We always do a one initial commit to track the files.To commit we have a simple command

                  git commit               

and than a Vimeditor is open 
for write press insert and  after making changes to a file, press [Esc] to shift to the command mode and press :w and hit [Enter] to save a file.

for avoid Vimeditor we have an alternate solution:

                 git commit -m "write first commit"      

Git checkout:-->To match the last commit 

                git checkout filename ---for a single file     
                git checkout -f  -----for many files               

Git log:-->Show the commit message


                git log                         

and to filter the git log 

               git log -p                     

To compare the working directory to the stagging area..

               git diff                         

and to compare the last stagging area 

               git diff --stagged        

There is also a command which directly commit the file without the stagging area..

                git commit -a -m "skipped stagging area"                


If we want to remove the file from the stagging area but the file present in the hard disk than there is a command:
git rm --cached filename

And if we want to remove the file from the stagging as well as from the hard-disk.
git rm filename


To view the shorthand status there is a simple command:

                                     git status -s                                    
1st box denote the stagging area
2nd box denote the working directory

Git Branch:-->By default the master is the main branch and if we want a separate copy  so that there is no effect in the original code if we edit or fix some bug in the trial purpose we create a separate branch...This is the "killer feature" in the git..

To add a branch: 

              git branch branch-name               

 To switch the branch: 

              git checkout branch-name             

To merge the branch

              git merge branch-name                

If we want to create a new branch and also to switch in that branch there is an alternate command:
                            
                                            git checkout -b branch-name 





























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